基本概括

概述

spark快速

  • 扩充了mapreduce
  • 基于内存计算(中间结果的存储位置)

spark通用

  • 批处理hadoop
  • 迭代计算 机器学习系统
  • 交互式查询 hive
  • 流处理 storm

spark开放

  • Python API
  • Java/Scala API
  • SQL API
  • 整合好hadoop/kafka

主要内容

  • 环境搭建
  • 核心概念RDD
  • 架构
  • 重要组件SparkStreaming

发展历史

2009 RAD实验室,引入内存存储
2010 开源
2011 AMP实验室,Spark Streaming
2013 Apache顶级项目

主要组件

Spark Core:

  • 包括spark的基本功能,任务调度、内存管理、容错机制
  • 内部定义RDDs(弹性分布式数据集)
  • 提供APIs来创建和操作RDDs
  • 为其他组件提供底层服务

Spark SQL:

  • 处理结构化数据的库,类似于HiveSQL、Mysql
  • 用于报表统计等

Spark Streaming:

  • 实时数据流处理组件,类似Storm
  • 提供API来操作实时数据流
  • 使用场景是从Kafka等消息队列中接收数据实时统计

Spark Mlib:

  • 包含通用机器学习功能的包,Machine Learning Lib
  • 包含分类、聚类、回归、模型评估、数据导入等
  • Mlib所有算法均支持集群的横向扩展(区别于python的单机)

GraphX:

  • 处理图数据的库,并行的进行图的计算
  • 类似其他组件,都继承了RDD API
  • 提供各种图操作和常用的图算法,PageRank等

Spark Cluster Managers:

  • 集群管理,Spark自带一个集群管理调度器
  • 其他类似的有Hadoop YARN,Apache Mesos

紧密集成的优点

  • Spark底层优化后,基于底层的组件也会相应优化
  • 减少组件集成的部署测试
  • 增加新组建时其他组件可以方便使用其功能

hadoop应用场景

  • 离线处理、对时效性要求不高、要落到硬盘上

spark应用场景

  • 时效性要求高、机器学习、迭代计算

Doug Cutting的观点

生态系统、各司其职
Spark需要借助HDFS进行持久化存储

运行环境搭建

基础环境

  • Spark - scala - JVM - Java7+
  • Python - Python2.6+/3.4+
  • Spark1.6.2 - Scala2.10/Spark2.0.0 - Scala2.11
  • 搭建Spark不需要Hadoop,如果存在则需要下载相关版本(不是上述对应关系)

具体步骤

详见http://dblab.xmu.edu.cn/blog/spark-quick-start-guide/
主要是两个步骤:

  1. 安装Hadoop(不做介绍)
  2. 解压Spark到对应位置,然后在spark-env.sh中添加SPARK_DIST_CLASSPATH
  3. run-example SparkPi已可以正常运行示例

注意几点:

  • Spark版本要严格对照Hadoop版本
  • Spark运行不依赖Hadoop启动
  • Spark运行目录bin的内容,要确保有执行权限[+x]

Spark目录

  • bin 包含和Spark交互的可执行文件,如Spark shell
  • core,Streaming,python等 包含主要组件的源代码
  • examples 包含一些单机的Spark job

Spark shell

  • Spark的shell能够处理分布在集群上的数据
  • Spark把数据加载到节点的内存中,故分布式处理可以秒级完成
  • 快速迭代计算,实时查询,分析等都可以在shell中完成
  • 有Scala shell和Python shell

Scala shell:/bin/scala-shell

注意:

  • 启动日志级别可以修改为WARN,在目录/conf/log4j.properties
  • 开启Spark-shell要先启动hadoop,否则会出现以下错误
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    [hadoop@hadoop01 bin]$ ./spark-shell
    ... ...
    Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Call From hadoop01/192.168.146.130 to hadoop01:9000 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: 拒绝连接;For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused;

    ... 104 more
    <console>:14: error: not found: value spark
    import spark.implicits._
    ^
    <console>:14: error: not found: value spark
    import spark.sql
    ^
    Welcome to
    ____ __
    / __/__ ___ _____/ /__
    _\ \/ _ \/ _ `/ __/ '_/
    /___/ .__/\_,_/_/ /_/\_\ version 2.2.0
    /_/

    Using Scala version 2.11.8 (Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, Java 1.8.0_112)
    Type in expressions to have them evaluated.
    Type :help for more information.

    scala>

    scala> val lines = sc.textFile("/home/hadoop/look.sh")
    <console>:17: error: not found: value sc
    val lines = sc.textFile("/home/hadoop/look.sh")
    ^

其他可能出现的错误:

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[hadoop@hadoop01 spark]$ ./bin/spark-shell
17/07/02 13:25:12 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Error while instantiating 'org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder'

... 47 elided
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: rwxr-xr-x;

... 61 more
Caused by:java.lang.RuntimeException: The root scratch dir: /tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: rwxr-xr-x

... 70 more
The root scratch dir: **/tmp/hive on HDFS should be writable. Current permissions are: rwxr-xr-x

... 84 more
<console>:14: error: not found: value spark
import spark.implicits._
^
<console>:14: error: not found: value spark
import spark.sql
^
Welcome to
____ __
/ __/__ ___ _____/ /__
_\ \/ _ \/ _ `/ __/ '_/
/___/ .__/\_,_/_/ /_/\_\ version 2.2.0
/_/

Using Scala version 2.11.8 (Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM, Java 1.8.0_112)
Type in expressions to have them evaluated.
Type :help for more information.
  • 上述错误出现的原因是/tmp/hive这里,本质上是hdfs中此目录的读写权限出了问题(Spark的运行并不需要Hive的开启,甚至没有Hive也可以),此处只是/tmp/hive这个目录出了问题,使用hadoop dfs -chmod 777 /tmp/hive来修改其权限,如果出现 Name node is in safe mode,那么则需要使用hadoop dfsadmin -safemode leave来退出安全模式,之后便可以正常修改权限,改完之后再执行spark-shell变会出现正常的初始化结果:
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17/07/02 13:27:43 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
17/07/02 13:27:54 WARN ObjectStore: Failed to get database global_temp, returning NoSuchObjectException
Spark context Web UI available at http://192.168.146.130:4040
Spark context available as 'sc' (master = local[*], app id = local-1498973265138).
Spark session available as 'spark'.
注意上述的三行初始化信息!
  • 注意Spark-shell中的textFile(path),参数path默认为hdfs://,要使用file://显式声明
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scala> val lines = sc.textFile("/home/hadoop/look.sh")
lines: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = /home/hadoop/look.sh MapPartitionsRDD[1] at textFile at <console>:24

scala> lines.count()
org.apache.hadoop.mapred.InvalidInputException: Input path does not exist: hdfs://hadoop01:9000/home/hadoop/look.sh
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.singleThreadedListStatus(FileInputFormat.java:287)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.listStatus(FileInputFormat.java:229)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat.getSplits(FileInputFormat.java:315)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.HadoopRDD.getPartitions(HadoopRDD.scala:194)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:252)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:250)
at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:250)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.MapPartitionsRDD.getPartitions(MapPartitionsRDD.scala:35)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:252)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD$$anonfun$partitions$2.apply(RDD.scala:250)
at scala.Option.getOrElse(Option.scala:121)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.partitions(RDD.scala:250)
at org.apache.spark.SparkContext.runJob(SparkContext.scala:2087)
at org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD.count(RDD.scala:1158)
... 48 elided

scala> val lines = sc.textFile("file:///home/hadoop/look.sh")
lines: org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD[String] = file:///home/hadoop/look.sh MapPartitionsRDD[3] at textFile at <console>:24

scala> lines.count()
res1: Long = 26

scala> lines.first()
res2: String = #!/bin/bash

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开发环境搭建

安装Scala环境

注意:

  • Scala环境本身的安装跟Spark无关,Scala本身就是一门类似Java的语言
  • 可以在非集群内的主机安装该开发环境,然后通过ssh提交集群运行即可
    (Spark版本2.x.x - Scala版本2.11.x以上,在IDEA中新建项目时会在首选项中进行选择)

第一个Scala程序:WordCount

注意:
类似于Hadoop,如果开发环境不在集群内,例如在自己PC中的IDEA进行开发(使用虚拟机同理),那么就会产生两种运行方式,一是本地运行,二是提交集群运行。
本质上两种方式都是先打包,再上传(本地或集群)。即流程是一致的,但是在PC中引入的spark-core的作用是不同的,提交集群运行时,PC中的spark-core内容只是作为语法检查,类方法调用等辅助作用;但是本地运行时,除了上述功能外,其还充当了计算部分,即可以使PC成为一个类似节点的且有计算能力的存在。

全部步骤:
PC上安装Scala环境,IDEA,IDEA安装Scala插件

1.本地运行

  • 新建Scala的Project,注意要选对应的scala版本
  • 然后在build.sbt中添加spark-core的依赖,可以去MavenRepositories网站去查,找到sbt(ivy)的依赖格式就行了
  • 然后新建一个scala class,选择object,书写代码,要使用本地模式
  • 最后直接点击运行即可。
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    import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext}
    import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
    object WordCount extends App {
    // 读取本地文件
    val path = "C:\\Users\\msi\\Desktop\\xiaomi2.txt"
    // 本地调试
    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("SparkDemo").setMaster("local")
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
    val lines = sc.textFile(path)
    val words = lines.flatMap(_.split(" ")).filter(word => word != " ")
    val pairs = words.map(word => (word, 1))
    val wordscount: RDD[(String, Int)] = pairs.reduceByKey(_ + _)
    wordscount.collect.foreach(println)
    }

打印结果:
注意下述的IP地址和file路径,确实是在本地运行的,而且就是引入的sparl-core起的作用

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D:\Java\jdk1.8.0_77\bin\java "-javaagent:D:\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 
...
17/11/28 00:40:21 INFO Executor: Starting executor ID driver on host localhost
17/11/28 00:40:21 INFO Utils: Successfully started service 'org.apache.spark.network.netty.NettyBlockTransferService' on port 58570.
17/11/28 00:40:21 INFO NettyBlockTransferService: Server created on 192.168.230.1:58570
17/11/28 00:40:21 INFO BlockManager: Using org.apache.spark.storage.RandomBlockReplicationPolicy for block replication policy
17/11/28 00:40:21 INFO BlockManagerMaster: Registering BlockManager BlockManagerId(driver, 192.168.230.1, 58570, None)
17/11/28 00:40:21 INFO BlockManagerMasterEndpoint: Registering block manager 192.168.230.1:58570 with 1992.9 MB RAM, BlockManagerId(driver, 192.168.230.1, 58570, None)
...
17/11/28 00:40:22 INFO HadoopRDD: Input split: file:/C:/Users/msi/Desktop/xiaomi2.txt:0+903
17/11/28 00:40:22 INFO Executor: Finished task 0.0 in stage 0.0 (TID 0). 1111 bytes result sent to driver
17/11/28 00:40:22 INFO TaskSetManager: Finished task 0.0 in stage 0.0 (TID 0) in 183 ms on localhost (executor driver) (1/1)
...
(小米客服那些事,1)
(贤艾森秋t4krP0,1)
(北京IHG向,1)
17/11/28 00:40:22 INFO SparkContext: Invoking stop() from shutdown hook
17/11/28 00:40:22 INFO SparkUI: Stopped Spark web UI at http://192.168.230.1:4040
...

Process finished with exit code 0

2.提交集群运行

  • 第一步同本地模式
  • 第二步同本地模式
  • 然后新建一个scala class,选择object,书写代码,要使集群模式
  • 最后直接点击运行即可。
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    import org.apache.spark.{SparkConf, SparkContext}
    import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD
    object WordCount extends App {
    // 读取hdfs文件
    val path = "hdfs://192.168.146.130:9000/spark/look.sh"
    //远程调试
    val conf = new SparkConf()
    .setAppName("scalasparktest")
    .setMaster("spark://192.168.146.130:7077")
    .setJars(List("I:\\IDEA_PROJ\\ScalaSparkTest\\out\\scalasparktest_jar\\scalasparktest.jar"))
    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
    val lines = sc.textFile(path)
    val words = lines.flatMap(_.split(" ")).filter(word => word != " ")
    val pairs = words.map(word => (word, 1))
    val wordscount: RDD[(String, Int)] = pairs.reduceByKey(_ + _)
    wordscount.collect.foreach(println)
    }
    image_1bvv7g94014f91qml150nsnb1ito9.png-60.3kB

此处一定要选择对Module(不是默认)和要运行的MainClass
image_1bvv7i5bj14a0l4c2kc1pra1d70m.png-43kB

点击OK后,选择Jar打包后的路径
image_1bvv8p92j104td4dhfn1ro59b51g.png-154.8kB

使用命令:
启动master: ./sbin/start-master.sh
启动worker: ./bin/spark-class org.apache.spark.deploy.worker.Worker spark://192.168.146.130:7077
需要配置spark-env.sh中:(下面设为localhost就远程不了了)
export SPARK_MASTER_HOST=192.168.146.130
export SPARK_LOCAL_IP=192.168.146.130
注意更新配置文件后需要把master和worker都重启才可以生效(单机两者都在一个机器上的情况)

出现的错误:
错误:java.io.FileNotFoundException: Jar I:\IDEA_PROJ\ScalaSparkTest\out\scalasparktest.jar not found
解决:修改setJar方法参数中的jar路径

错误:Could not connect to spark://192.168.146.130:7077
解决:重启worker和master,前提是spark-env.sh中的MASTER_IP和WORKER_IP要设置正确

错误:Exception: Call From msi-PC/192.168.230.1 to 192.168.146.130:8020 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: no further information;
解决:hdfs端口错误,很多教程写的是8020端口,但我hdfs是9000端口,所以要更正

错误:Invalid signature file digest for Manifest main attributes
解决:打包的文件很大,把全部依赖都打包了,90多M,但正常应该10多M,删掉无用的依赖,并且把sbt中spark-core的依赖设为provided模式
image_1bvvammdghvqppd1dp3nrc1ema1t.png-110.7kB

错误:重复出现如下错误

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17/11/28 20:20:52 WARN TaskSchedulerImpl: Initial job has not accepted any resources; check your cluster UI to ensure that workers are registered and have sufficient resources
17/11/28 20:21:07 WARN TaskSchedulerImpl: Initial job has not accepted any resources; check your cluster UI to ensure that workers are registered and have sufficient resources
17/11/28 20:21:22 WARN TaskSchedulerImpl: Initial job has not accepted any resources; check your cluster UI to ensure that workers are registered and have sufficient resources

解决:Worker失效后被kill了[此时jps应该是没有Worker的],重启Worker即可,还不行就将hadoop和spark都重启

提交集群运行的结果:(注意IP和端口,确实是提交到集群/虚拟机 上运行后返回的结果)
整个过程全部在IDEA中,完全达到了本地调试,自动上传集群,并返回结果的流程

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D:\Java\jdk1.8.0_77\bin\java "-javaagent:D:\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 
...
17/11/28 02:09:39 INFO StandaloneAppClient$ClientEndpoint: Executor added: app-20170630223625-0006/0 on worker-20170630215502-192.168.146.130-50762 (192.168.146.130:50762) with 1 cores
17/11/28 02:09:39 INFO StandaloneSchedulerBackend: Granted executor ID app-20170630223625-0006/0 on hostPort 192.168.146.130:50762 with 1 cores, 1024.0 MB RAM
17/11/28 02:09:39 INFO StandaloneAppClient$ClientEndpoint: Executor updated: app-20170630223625-0006/0 is now RUNNING
...
17/11/28 02:09:43 INFO BlockManagerMasterEndpoint: Registering block manager 192.168.146.130:47071 with 413.9 MB RAM, BlockManagerId(0, 192.168.146.130, 47071, None)
...
17/11/28 02:09:50 INFO TaskSchedulerImpl: Adding task set 0.0 with 2 tasks
17/11/28 02:09:50 INFO TaskSetManager: Starting task 0.0 in stage 0.0 (TID 0, 192.168.146.130, executor 0, partition 0, ANY, 4853 bytes)
...
17/11/28 02:09:55 INFO TaskSetManager: Starting task 1.0 in stage 0.0 (TID 1, 192.168.146.130, executor 0, partition 1, ANY, 4853 bytes)
...
17/11/28 02:09:55 INFO TaskSchedulerImpl: Adding task set 1.0 with 2 tasks
17/11/28 02:09:55 INFO TaskSetManager: Starting task 0.0 in stage 1.0 (TID 2, 192.168.146.130, executor 0, partition 0, NODE_LOCAL, 4625 bytes)
...
17/11/28 02:09:56 INFO TaskSetManager: Starting task 1.0 in stage 1.0 (TID 3, 192.168.146.130, executor 0, partition 1, NODE_LOCAL, 4625 bytes)
...
(-ef|grep,1)
($Jarstr,1)
([[,1)
(do,1)
(YES,1)
(while,1)
("$Jarinfo",1)
(echo,1)
(#!/bin/bash,1)
17/11/28 02:09:56 INFO SparkContext: Invoking stop() from shutdown hook
...

Process finished with exit code 0


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